How on earth do you get to the raised part of the island? On the little…

Well, found the one lone cinnamon tree! It's over in the section where Professor Meepole is, next to the river. I had just overlooked it. Now I'm starting to wonder if I've just overlooked the nutmeg tree too. But still no luck finding it.

The same area with the cinnamon is the nutmeg, in fact, they somtimes grow on the same tree. If you find the little strip of land that leads to a tiny island like area, you will find the lone cinnamon/nutmeg tree. It's near the professor, down a bit and to the left.

Also, I had the same question when I first played the game about getting onto the ledges. The ramps in white on the little map in the corner mean that those are areas that are not yet opened, something you do later in the game will trigger these to open allowing you to access the higher areas. The black ramps mean they are always open.

There are other cinnamon trees...some of them may not be open to you yet. There are 2 other cinnamon trees that are open to you now. Cross the bridge to go to Professor Meepole go slightly towards the direction of Professor Meepole and towards the bottom of the scene (right, after the ledge and should be next to the river), then go to the area where there are 2 sections. There is one cinnamon tree at the top of the top section and one at the top of the bottom section.
After you've played the game awhile, you'll notice that sometimes the trees will produce different products...sometimes the same tree will produce 2 cinnamons...then the next time maybe a cinnamon and a nutmeg...and then sometimes 2 nutmegs. I say this in case you see a tree with 2 nutmegs; it will probably produce cinnamon sometimes.
Hope this helps.